软件设置
orca_core SDK 安装、USB 驱动程序设置、单独手指控制 API、ROS2 手部界面、触觉传感器读取和 MuJoCo 模拟。 从全新的 Python 安装到所有 17 个关节都移动了。
跳转到一个部分:
orca_core SDK安装
orca_core 是 Orca Hand 的官方 Python SDK。 它可以通过 pip 安装并支持 Python 3.9+。 基本联合控制不需要 ROS。
创建虚拟环境
python -m venv ~/.venvs/orca
source ~/.venvs/orca/bin/activate # Windows: .venvs\orca\Scripts\activate
通过 pip 安装
pip install orca-core
通过 Poetry 安装(推荐用于开发)
git clone https://github.com/orcahand/orca_core.git
cd orca_core
poetry install
验证安装并找到你的手
python -c "from orca_core import OrcaHand; print('orca_core installed OK')"
# Find the USB serial port
python -c "
from orca_core import OrcaHand
# Lists available ports
import serial.tools.list_ports
ports = list(serial.tools.list_ports.comports())
for p in ports:
print(p)
"
单独的手指控制
这 OrcaHand 类通过命名的手指和关节访问器公开所有 17 个关节。 控制模式默认为 current_based_position.
连接并读取所有关节位置
from orca_core import OrcaHand
hand = OrcaHand(port="/dev/ttyUSB0", handedness="right")
hand.connect()
# Read all joint positions (returns dict of joint_name: position_deg)
positions = hand.get_positions()
print(positions)
# e.g. {'thumb_abduct': 0.0, 'thumb_mcp': 15.2, ...}
hand.disconnect()
移动各个关节
from orca_core import OrcaHand
import time
hand = OrcaHand(port="/dev/ttyUSB0", handedness="right")
hand.connect()
hand.enable_all()
# Move thumb MCP joint to 45 degrees
hand.set_position("thumb_mcp", 45.0)
time.sleep(0.5)
# Move index finger MCP to 60 degrees
hand.set_position("index_mcp", 60.0)
time.sleep(0.5)
# Open all fingers
hand.open_all()
time.sleep(1.0)
hand.disable_all()
hand.disconnect()
同时设置多个关节
from orca_core import OrcaHand
hand = OrcaHand(port="/dev/ttyUSB0", handedness="right")
hand.connect()
hand.enable_all()
# Command all 17 joints at once (dict of joint_name: target_deg)
pose = {
"thumb_abduct": 30.0,
"thumb_mcp": 45.0,
"thumb_pip": 30.0,
"thumb_dip": 20.0,
"index_mcp": 70.0,
"index_pip": 60.0,
"index_dip": 40.0,
# ... remaining joints
}
hand.set_positions(pose)
hand.disable_all()
hand.disconnect()
内置抓取基元
orca_core 附带用于常见操作任务的校准抓取基元。 这些是在实施自定义策略之前测试基本掌握能力的最快方法。
使用抓取原语
from orca_core import OrcaHand
from orca_core.grasps import GraspLibrary
import time
hand = OrcaHand(port="/dev/ttyUSB0", handedness="right")
hand.connect()
hand.enable_all()
grasps = GraspLibrary()
# Open hand
hand.execute_grasp(grasps.open)
time.sleep(1.0)
# Power grasp (whole-hand wrap)
hand.execute_grasp(grasps.power_grasp)
time.sleep(1.0)
# Precision pinch (thumb + index tip)
hand.execute_grasp(grasps.precision_pinch)
time.sleep(1.0)
# Tripod grasp (thumb + index + middle)
hand.execute_grasp(grasps.tripod)
time.sleep(1.0)
# Lateral pinch (thumb side against index lateral)
hand.execute_grasp(grasps.lateral_pinch)
time.sleep(1.0)
hand.open_all()
hand.disable_all()
hand.disconnect()
在抓取之间进行插值
from orca_core import OrcaHand
from orca_core.grasps import GraspLibrary
import time, numpy as np
hand = OrcaHand(port="/dev/ttyUSB0", handedness="right")
hand.connect()
hand.enable_all()
grasps = GraspLibrary()
# Smoothly interpolate from open to power grasp over 30 steps
for alpha in np.linspace(0, 1, 30):
pose = grasps.interpolate(grasps.open, grasps.power_grasp, alpha)
hand.set_positions(pose)
time.sleep(0.05)
hand.disable_all()
hand.disconnect()
ROS2手部接口
这 orca_ros2 软件包提供了完整的 ROS2 接口,用于协调臂 + 手控制。 它发布联合状态并接受联合轨迹命令。
安装orca_ros2
mkdir -p ~/orca_ws/src && cd ~/orca_ws/src
git clone https://github.com/orcahand/orca_ros2.git
cd ~/orca_ws
source /opt/ros/humble/setup.bash
colcon build --symlink-install
启动手驱动器节点
source ~/orca_ws/install/setup.bash
ros2 launch orca_ros2 orca_hand.launch.py \
port:=/dev/ttyUSB0 \
handedness:=right
订阅联合国家主题
ros2 topic echo /orca_hand/joint_states
发送关节位置指令
ros2 topic pub /orca_hand/joint_command \
sensor_msgs/msg/JointState \
'{name: ["index_mcp", "index_pip"], position: [1.22, 1.05]}'
协调臂+手发射(使用OpenArm)
ros2 launch orca_ros2 openarm_orca.launch.py \
arm_can_interface:=can0 \
hand_port:=/dev/ttyUSB0 \
handedness:=right
这将同时启动 openarm_ros2 手臂驱动器和 orca_ros2 手动驱动程序位于单个命名空间下,通过 MoveIt2 实现协调轨迹执行。
触觉传感器读数
Orca Hand 可选择安装指尖触觉传感器(Paxini 或兼容)。 触觉数据通过单独的 USB 连接独立传输。
读取指尖接触力
from orca_core import OrcaHand
from orca_core.sensors import TactileSensorArray
hand = OrcaHand(port="/dev/ttyUSB0", handedness="right")
tactile = TactileSensorArray(port="/dev/ttyUSB1") # separate USB port
hand.connect()
tactile.connect()
hand.enable_all()
import time
for _ in range(100):
# Returns dict of finger_name: contact_force_N
forces = tactile.read_forces()
positions = hand.get_positions()
print(f"Index force: {forces.get('index', 0):.3f} N | "
f"Index MCP: {positions['index_mcp']:.1f} deg")
time.sleep(0.01)
hand.disable_all()
hand.disconnect()
tactile.disconnect()
接触检测阈值
from orca_core.sensors import TactileSensorArray
tactile = TactileSensorArray(port="/dev/ttyUSB1")
tactile.connect()
# Set contact detection threshold per finger (in N)
tactile.set_threshold(finger="index", threshold_n=0.1)
tactile.set_threshold(finger="thumb", threshold_n=0.15)
# Returns True when contact exceeds threshold
in_contact = tactile.is_in_contact("index")
print("Index in contact:", in_contact)
MuJoCo 模拟
Orca Hand 附带经过校准的 MuJoCo MJCF 模型 - 左手、右手和双手场景。 该模拟与真实硬件共享相同的联合名称和动作空间。
安装并运行模拟
pip install mujoco
pip install orca-core[sim] # or: pip install orca-mujoco
# Clone the MuJoCo model package
git clone https://github.com/orcahand/orcahand_description.git
# Launch the right-hand sim
python -c "
import mujoco, mujoco.viewer
import numpy as np
model = mujoco.MjModel.from_xml_path('orcahand_description/mjcf/orca_right.xml')
data = mujoco.MjData(model)
with mujoco.viewer.launch_passive(model, data) as viewer:
while viewer.is_running():
mujoco.mj_step(model, data)
viewer.sync()
"
模拟到真实的传输
MJCF 模型中的联名与 orca_core SDK 完全一样。 在抓取基元上进行模拟训练的策略可以直接部署到真实硬件中 - 唯一的区别是 USB 串行延迟(约 3 毫秒)与物理步骤时序。
常见问题
通常,菊花链电缆没有完全固定在指状模块之间的连接处。 STS 总线是一条链——一个错误的连接会导致所有下游伺服系统丢失。
使固定:
# Scan to see which servo IDs are found
python -c "
from orca_core import OrcaHand
hand = OrcaHand(port='/dev/ttyUSB0', handedness='right')
hand.connect()
ids = hand.scan_motors()
print('Found IDs:', ids) # should be 1..17
hand.disconnect()
"
手指无法完全伸展或弯曲。 一侧肌腱走线太紧。 最常发生在重新组装后。
使固定:
# Check joint limits — move each joint to its range manually
python -c "
from orca_core import OrcaHand
hand = OrcaHand(port='/dev/ttyUSB0')
hand.connect()
# Enable compliance mode — move finger by hand to feel the limits
hand.set_compliance_mode(finger='index', enabled=True)
"
# If finger hits hard limit below expected range,
# loosen the extensor tendon by 0.5 turns at the tendon anchor
orca_ros2 驱动程序节点已启动,但未发布联合状态。 通常是端口权限问题或 orca_core 会话冲突。
使固定:
# 1. Ensure no other orca_core session has the port open
# Close any Python scripts using the hand first
# 2. Add USB serial permissions (Linux)
sudo usermod -aG dialout $USER # log out and back in
# 3. Re-launch with explicit port
ros2 launch orca_ros2 orca_hand.launch.py port:=/dev/ttyUSB0
# 4. Check topic
ros2 topic hz /orca_hand/joint_states # should be ~100 Hz