SOAP-Bubbles: Structured Weight Uncertainty for Neural Networks

Abstract

Structured weight-uncertainty can improve many aspects of deep learning, but it remains costly to estimate and difficult to implement. Here, we show that these issues can be addressed by adapting the SOAP optimizer. Our key idea is to run IVON, an existing diagonal-covariance variational method, in the eigenspace of SOAP's preconditioner and then use the preconditioner to transform the diagonal estimate into a non-diagonal covariance. The resulting method has costs similar to those of SOAP and requires no drastic changes to training pipelines. We call the posteriors obtained in this way SOAP-Bubbles and our new optimizer Eigenspace-VON (EVON). We show that, for logistic regression, EVON recovers the exact Gaussian covariance and that, for language model pretraining, it yields significantly better results than existing diagonal-covariance methods. Our work makes it easier to estimate more expressive posterior distributions for deep learning at scale.