Electromagnetic Singularity-Aware MIMO Channels: Scattering-Based Channel Modeling and Physics-Aware Power Allocation

Abstract

Electromagnetic information theory (EIT) brings electromagnetic physics into wireless channel analysis and offers a physical view of channel structures hidden by conventional models. This paper studies channel instability near electromag- netic singular states, where small environmental perturbations can cause large variations in the end-to-end channel. Using resolvent-based spectral analysis, we develop an electromag- netic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel model that decomposes the end-to-end channel into a smooth regular component and singularity-associated components. The analysis shows that the singularity-associated components become more sensitive to environmental perturbations near singular states. The proposed model also reveals a limitation of conventional water filling (WF): power allocation based only on instan- taneous channel gains does not account for such instability. We therefore estimate singularity information from broadband MIMO channel state information (CSI) and develop a singularity- aware transmit covariance optimization method. Simulations demonstrate numerical stability of the estimated pole frequencies and illustrate the environmental sensitivity of pole-associated channel components. The proposed allocation reduces weighted singular-channel exposure by 90.32% while retaining 95% of the nominal WF rate.