Tether-Aware Dynamic Collision Avoidance for USV-HROV Systems

Abstract

Heterogeneous marine robotic systems composed of an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) and a hybrid remotely operated vehicle (HROV) have shown great potential for subsea cable inspection. In such missions, the USV tracks the HROV at the surface while supplying power and communication through an umbilical tether. However, dynamic collision avoidance for the USV during HROV tracking is challenging because the submerged tether may scrape against passing vessels, while evasive maneuvers can enlarge the USV--HROV separation, thereby increasing the likelihood of tether tautness and compromising HROV operations. To address these challenges, this work proposes a tether-aware dynamic collision avoidance method for a USV tracking an HROV. First, a tether safety-aware planar domain is introduced to represent the three-dimensional collision risk between the tether and obstacle vessels without an explicit tether shape model. Second, a tether tautness-aware velocity obstacle method is developed to achieve safe avoidance while reducing the likelihood of tether tautness. Finally, the method is integrated with line-of-sight guidance to coordinate HROV tracking and collision avoidance. Gazebo-based simulations show that the proposed method avoids dynamic obstacle vessels while maintaining tether safety and reducing the likelihood of tether tautness during USV evasive maneuvers.