State space modeling of RLC ladder circuits

Abstract

Large-scale electrical circuits span a wide range of research topics from highly integrated circuits in microelectronics up to power grids for cities and countries. As the complexity increases significantly by each additional component, we find a need to describe large-scale circuits in a manner easy to understand. In this article, we study cascades of simple circuits consisting of resistors, capacitors and inductors, which we call ladder circuits. Such electrical ladders are common in electronics to design filters and they are also used in other disciplines, for example to describe diffusion or wave phenomena. In particular, we derive linear time-invariant state space models for three simple ladder types and we discuss the specific matrix structures of the large-scale second-order differential equations. Furthermore, we exemplify our findings with simulations to unveil the intrinsic dynamical behavior of each ladder type.