Small-signal Stability of a Unified Single-unit Infinite-bus Swing-equation Model for Generators and Inverters

Abstract

We present a swing-equation model with generalized and equilibria-dependent inertia, damping, and synchronization constants for energy conversion interfaces with second-order active-power versus voltage-phasor-angle dynamics connected to an infinite bus. The model is unified in that prudent parameterization of the second-order angle-to-power transfer function aligns with reduced-order models for synchronous generators, grid-following inverters with fast frequency-response capability, and droop- and virtual synchronous generator-based grid-forming inverters. Parametric necessary and sufficient conditions to examine small-signal stability of angle equilibria are derived from the unified swing-equation model.