EmoTra-TTS: Smooth Intra-Utterance Emotion Transitions for Speech Synthesis

Abstract

Psychological research on emotion dynamics has established that human affect is a continuous, evolving process: emotions rise, decay, and transition within seconds. Current emotional text-to-speech (TTS) systems, however, condition on a single discrete label or static embedding per utterance, fundamentally misaligning with the temporal nature of affect. While recent LLM-based TTS systems may implicitly vary prosody through text understanding, such variation is neither explicitly controllable nor precise enough for targeted intra-utterance transitions. We address three challenges: (1) a multi-pass flow blending pipeline synthesizes frame-aligned transition audio, circumventing the scarcity of natural intra-utterance transitions; (2) dual-stage Valence-Arousal-Dominance (VAD) conditioning guides prosodic planning in the LLM and acoustic realization in the flow decoder via frame-level VAD embeddings; (3) direction-magnitude decoupled injection structurally separates emotion direction from injection magnitude, preventing content degradation. EmoTra-TTS adds only +0.43% parameters with no latency overhead, achieves 30%-87% relative improvement on emotion transition quality, corroborated by 64.4%-79.5% overall win rates in pairwise preference tests against four SOTA baselines and two commercial systems.