An Accessible Solution for Deformable Image Registration Compared with Learning-Based Approaches

Abstract

Deformable image registration (DIR) is a core problem in medical image analysis; but, unlike labeling decision problems such as classification and segmentation, registration is a problem class that involves stringent physical constraints. Although deep learning methods have made faster registration possible, the resulting models are often difficult to interpret compared to hand-crafted methods with explicit objectives and interpretable physical meaning. In this work, we show that an analytical method can still yield competitive and superior results to deep learning in a common deformable registration task. We study pTVreg as a parametric total variation based registration in that context. Observing its different implementations to perform at various degrees, we introduce here an accessible implementation of this method, together with a Bayesian optimization framework that automatically sets self-parameters for any DIR task from a set of sample examples. Experiments on Lung250M-4B show that our proposed implementation achieves state-of-the-art results in this benchmark, substantially superior to existing deep learning solutions and other pTVreg variants as baselines. The source code will be made publicly available at https://github.com/oazeybekoglu/ptvreg-python .