A Unified Analytical Nullspace-Based Least-Squares Design of the Farrow Structure

Abstract

Farrow structures based on linear--phase FIR subfilters provide an efficient realization of variable fractional--delay (VFD) filters with reduced implementation complexity. While the all--linear--phase configuration admits a decoupled least--squares (LS) formulation with an analytical solution, this decoupling fails when branches of mixed types, linear--phase and general FIR, are required, as occurs when a group--delay constraint is imposed. This letter presents a unified LS design for Farrow structures via a nullspace parameterization of the per--branch symmetry constraints, yielding an analytical solution that accommodates arbitrary per--branch types. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed framework satisfies group--delay constraints that the all linear--phase approach cannot meet, while substantially reducing the number of free parameters relative to the unconstrained general FIR baseline.